Yamaha PM4000 Operations Instructions

PROFESSIONAL AUDIO MIXING CONSOLEPM4000OPERATING MANUALYAMAHA

stereo master output. Cue replaces the signal in theheadphones and the stereo cue XLR outputs with onlythose sources whose CUE switches are engaged.Th

6.13 Stereo Input Module: OutputEnable Jumpers to Group, Stereoand Aux BussesThe stereo input module may be used as an effectsreturn module. In this c

6.14 Master Module: Group-to-MatrixAssigned Pre or Post GroupMaster Faderstereo house mix from the eight subgroups, yet you needas many as eight addit

6.15 Stereo Master to Matrix ST Bus:Pre or Post ST Master FaderA slide switch in Stereo Master module enables thesignal applied to the matrix stereo b

6.16 Installation of Optional InputTransformersThe PM4000 standard input module isequipped with a balanced, differential inputpreamplifier for the XLR

6.15 Hints on Circuitry For RemoteControl of the VCA Mastersand Mute GroupsThe VCA/MUTE CONTROL connector on thePM4000 rear panel is provided primaril

YAMAHA SUFFIX VALUE ORPART#QUANITEMLETTER TYPEUA214102 K MYLAR CAPACITOR 0.01 uF, 50 VHU07543 1 F METALIZED FILM RESISTOR 430 ohm, ¼ WHU07610 4F METAL

Section 7Operating Notes and Hints

Section 7. Operating Notes and HintsThis section is not meant to be comprehensive.Instead, it focuses on a few areas which we feel requirespecial atte

Given the correct GAIN and PAD settings, adjust thechannel Fader to its nominal (0 dB) setting. This settingprovides the best range of control, with s

Fader, which is changeable via internal preset switches;the Group bus calibration must still be done first toestablish the proper levels on the group

Section 2Brief Operating Instruction

7.1.9Channel Muting and Gain StructureAs pointed out earlier, adding inputs to a mix willincrease mix levels. If optimum mix levels are estab-lished w

trolled Amplifier) in the input module. The audio signalflowing through that VCA is, in turn, increased ordecreased in level according to the control

NOTE: Channels and outputs are selected at random in this illustration. The VCAMaster Fader controls multiple input channels, and their outputs to all

On the other hand, if one “pulls down” the conven-tional Group Master Fader in the first example above,the level of the double-assigned input will onl

The Mix Matrix isLocated on the Topportion of MasterModules 1-8Figure 7-3. Front Panel View and Block Diagram of PM4000 Mix MatrixPage 7-8

7.2.4.1 The Mix Matrix In General SoundReinforcementInstead of feeding the house sound system directlyfrom the Group outputs [130], or the Stereo outp

into the corresponding matrix channels, and fed to thehouse sound system which is driven by the matrixoutputs.A related use for the MTRX SUB IN connec

moment the choir is called upon, thus reducing noise,the “hollow” sound from those open mics, and removingthe extra stress on the choir members of hav

7.2.6 Stereo Panning To theEight Group Mixing BussesThe input channel bus assignment is very flexible.One can assign a channel directly to the stereo

Section 8Applications

This locking switch assigns the channel outputdirectly to the stereo bus. An LED in the switchturns on when the signal is assigned to the stereobus. I

Section 8.Applications8.1 GeneralThe PM4000 is designed primarily for audio mixingin live sound reinforcement applications. Its exceptionalflexibility

maintain an ideal S/N ratio while avoiding tape satura-tion. At the same time, the mix matrix can createworking mixes of those groups, with levels adj

With eight auxiliary sends, and four aux returns, it’seasy to utilize the most sophisticated effects. The auxreturns, which can each be used for a mon

8.2.2 The Mix Matrix Allows the 8 GroupsPlus the Stereo Bus to Function as10 Subgroups.It is relatively straightforward to use the mix matrixto create

Figure 8-3. System Diagram For 5 Independent Stereo Output Mixes viathe Stereo Bus and the Mix MatrixPage 8-5

8.2.4 How to Use the VCA Masters Plusthe Group Master Faders to Obtainthe Functional Equivalent of 16Subgroups.Let’s assume the object is to obtain a

8.2.5Using More Than One VCA Masterto Control the Same Input ChannelsIn Order To Handle OverlappingScenes.In a multi-scene theatrical presentation, or

Section 9Maintenance

Section 9.Maintenance9.1 Cleaning The Console9.1.1 The Console and Power SupplyExteriorThe console and power supply are painted with adurable finish.

9.2 Meter Lamp ReplacementThe VU meters and meter-assign indicators areilluminated by LEDs which should not require replace-ment. Contact your Yamaha

TOM POWER switch is on. An LED in the switchturns on when phantom power is being applied tothe channel input connector.When both the Master and this s

9.4 What To Do In Case of TroubleThe PM4000 is supported by Yamaha’s worldwidenetwork of factory trained and qualified dealer servicepersonnel. In the

YAMAHAVN02300

1 ~ 20 kHzThe outer concentric knob sweeps the EQ Fre-quency between 1,000 and 20,000 Hz.-15 ~ +15 dBThe inner concentric knob adjusts the gain of the

Figure 2-1b. PM4000 Standard Input Module(middle portion of module)NOTE: A signal processor (effects device) can be set upbefore it is needed, its lev

mixing buses, and the inner rotary control onthe right serves to PAN that signal between theL & R sides of that stereo pair.When the send is set f

prevents the channel from being muted. Engag-ing this switch ensures the channel will alwaysbe on so long as the channel ON switch is alsoengaged.25.

2.1.2. The Stereo Input ModuleThe PM4000 comes with at least four stereo inputmodules, located in near the master section. More ofthese stereo modules

input is available at odd-numbered busses, andthe right input at even numbered busses (and, ofcourse, L&R in are available to the L&R stereobu

PM4000OPERATING MANUAL

This indicators measure signal from the XLRs orfrom the INSERT IN jacks, whichever are active,as well as after the equalizer. If necessary, usethe PAD

NOTE: PM3000 users will notice there is no EQ CLIPindicator. Clipping at this stage can occur even thoughthe input signal is not clipping, due to boos

iary mixing bus. When the switch is in the center(OFF) position, no signal is applied to the auxil-iary bus.NOTE: When the input signal select switch

20S.MT PRE (switch) and L, R (level meters)The channel level meters consist of two rows of 6LEDs each that display the left and right signallevels fro

Figure 2-3a. PM4000 Master Module(matrix section of module)2.1.3 The Master Module (1 - 8)These eight modules are identical, except that eachcontrols

Figure 2-3b. PM4000 Master Module(aux send and group sections of module)33. CUE (Matrix cue)Pressing this switch part-way down causesmomentary contact

GROUP SECTION39. PAN (group to stereo bus)This pan control is operational only when theadjacent GROUP-TO-ST switch is engaged. Itthen pans the group s

Figure 2-3c. PM4000 Master Module(VCA master section of module)VCA SECTION46. VCA MUTEEngaging this switch is the equivalent of settingthe VCA master

2.1.4 The Stereo Master ModuleThis module controls the output of the stereo bus andthe two aux stereo busses.Figure 2-4a. PM4000 Stereo Master Module(

52. ON (Aux 1Master On)Engaging this locking, illuminated switch turnson the Aux 1 master output. When the output isturned off, the feed to the VU met

IMPORTANT NOTICE FOR THE UNITED KINGDOMConnecting the Plug and CordWARNING : THIS APPARATUS MUST BE EARTHEDIMPORTANT. The wires in this mains lead are

gether, or they can be operated completelyindependently if, for example, the stereo bus isused for two discrete mono mixes.2.1.5 The TB (Talkback) Mod

Figure 2-5b. PM4000 TB Module(middle portion of module)oscillator when it is not actually in use.NOTE: Even though the oscillator may not be assignedt

supply with an A-B powered mic, in which case youshould turn off the TB 48V Switch.corresponding switch here is illuminated. See themeter bridge descr

2.1.6 The Monitor Module77. SOLO MODE (switch)Figure 2-6a. PM4000 Monitor Module(upper portion of module)Page 2-22This locking, red, illuminated switc

81. ON switch (Monitor B On)Engaging this switch applies the Monitor Bsignal to the Monitor B left and right outputconnectors. The switch is illuminat

90. PHONES (Level control)This 2-gang rotary control adjust the output levelat both stereo PHONES output jacks. It affectsany signals which may be fed

2.1.7 The Meter BridgeThe PM4000 is equipped with 2 jumbo and 12 or 16large, illuminated VU meters, depending on the size ofthe mainframe. Each meter

96. II (Group/Matrix/Aux meters and indicators)97. ST L, ST R (Stereo output meters)On 24 and 32 channel mainframes, these fourmeters monitor the corr

2.2 PM4000 Rear Panel FeaturesAll XLR connectors and phone jacks are balanced.Outputs and patch points are +4 dBu level unlessotherwise noted. Channel

STEREO INPUT MODLUE INPUT STRIPSFigure 2-8. PM4000 Rear PanelsStereo Channel Input StripFigure 2-9. PM4000 Rear Panel:Cooling Fans and Lamp Connectors

How to Use This ManualIf you are an engineer or technician who is familiarwith sound system design, much of this manual willserve as a review for you.

109. GROUP SUB IN (1 - 8)These eight female XLR connectors apply signaldirectly to the group mixing busses (ahead of theGroup Insert point and Group M

118. GROUP INSERT 1-8 (IN, OUT)These phone jacks serve as a patch point for thesignal from the correspondingly numbered groupmixing bus. Nominal outpu

122. AUX INSERT 1-8 (IN, OUT)These phone jacks serve as a patch point for thesignal from the correspondingly numberedauxiliary mixing bus. They functi

PIN Nº123456789101112CONNECTOR PINS(FEMALE)FUNCTION PIN Nº FUNCTIONVCA EXT 1 13 MUTE EXT 3VCAEXT 2 14 MUTE EXT 4VCA EXT 3 15 MUTE EXT 5VCA EXT 4 16 MU

134. TB OUTThis male XLR connector outputs signal from thetalkback circuit when the TB OUT switch [64] ison. If that switch is OFF, this output is mut

2.4 The PW4000 Power SupplyFigure 2-16. PW4000 Power Supply (Front and Rear Panels)141. POWERThis alternate-action switch turns on the AC inputto the

144. DC OUTPUT (Umbilical Connector)This locking, multi-pin connector provides thenecessary DC voltages from the PW4000 powersupply to the PM4000 cons

Section 3Specifications

Section 3.SpecificationsPM4000 Mixing Console General SpecificationsTotal Harmonic Distortion <0.1% (THD+N) 20 Hz - 20 kHz @ +14 dBu, 600Ω(Master O

VU Meters (0 VU = +4 dBu output)24 or 32 channel consoles40 or 48 channel consolesVU Meter Peak IndicatorsPhantom PowerDimensions(W x H x D)Weight48Ch

Table of ContentsPage Sect. TitleSection 1. IntroductionSection 2. Brief Operating Instructions2-12.1PM4000 Front Panel Features2-12.1.1 The Standard

INPUT CHARACTERlSTlCSConnectionPADGainTrimActual loadImpedance0CH IN 1 ~ [ch (*1)-7030ST CH IN 1 ~ 4ch 030-20SUB INGROUP (1 ~ 8)STEREO (L, R)AUX (1 ~

Dimensional DrawingsPM4000 Console (all versions)Page 3-4

Page 3-5

Page 3-6PM4000 Console Rear Profiles

Module Block Diagrams(See back of the manual for overall system block diagram)Page 3-7

Page 3-8

Page 3-9

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Page 3-11

Page 3-12

Page Sect. Title6-166.15 Stereo Master to Matrix ST Bus: Pre or PostST Master Fader6-176.16 Installation of Optional Input Transformers6-186.15 Hints

Section 4Installation Notes

Section 4.Installation Notes4.1 Planning An InstallationBefore installing the PM4000, it is worthwhileconsidering how it will be used, how it is going

voltmeter. It is also a good idea to use aspecial outlet tester that will also indicatereversed polarity, weak or missing neu-tral, and weak or missin

Figure 4-2. Testing a 2-wire AC Outlet and a3-Prong to 2-Prong Adaptor4.2.4Improperly Wired AC Outlets:Lifted GroundsA "lifted ground" condi

way to ground via the safety ground,instead of via a person’s body. Whenchecking AC power lines at the outlet, besure you have proper testing tools an

4.3 Theory of GroudingGrounding is an area of “black magic” for manysound technicians and engineers, and certainly for mostcasual users of sound syste

Dangerous potential differences can also occurwithout such shorts. Two individual localized groundpoints, if they are not directly connected, cannot b

ment. If one of these conditions is not met, then insteadof going directly to earth ground and disappearing,these circulating ground loop noise curren

are required to implement this approach, since groundis not carried between components. One drawback isthat cables may not all be the same – some havi

end without affecting the audio signal on the two innerconductors of the cable, and with little or no effect onthe shielding. Unfortunately, this is n

Section 1Introduction

The PM4000 is fitted with only two types of audioconnectors: 3-pin XLRs, both male and female, and 3-circuit (tip/ring/sleeve) ¼” phone jacks (also kn

Figure 4-12. Cables For Use With Unbalanced SourcesNOTE regarding Figure 4-12. For microphone cables,conect the shield to pin 1 at both ends of the XL

Figure 4-13. Cables For Use With Balanced SourcesPage 4-12

designed to recognize only the difference in voltagebetween the two wires, and (hence the term “balanceddifferential input”). Should any electrostatic

where a transformer is desirable even if the input iselectronically balanced. For example, where there is asigniftcant amount of electrostatic or elec

4.5 Direct BoxesThe so-called “direct box” is a device one uses toovercome several of the problems that occur whenconnecting electric guitars and some

which is ideal. Each winding, each Faraday shield, andthe transformer chassis shield should have separateleads.Figure 4-15. Passive Musical Instrument

4.5.2 Active Guitar Direct BoxThe active direct box shown here can be used at theoutput of a standard electric guitar, with or without anamplifier. Be

Before actually mounting the selected components, itis wise to carefully plan out each rack with an eye tosignal flow, heat flow, and weight distribut

SECTION 5Gain Structure and Levels

Section 1.IntroductionThe PM4000 is a professional audio mixing consolewith the kind of flexibility, performance and reliabilityfor which Yamaha has e

SECTION 5.GAIN STRUCTURE AND LEVELSPage 5-15.1 STANDARD OPERATING LEVELSThere are a number of different “standard” operatinglevels in audio circuitry.

5.2 Dynamic Range and Headroom5.2.1What Is Dynamic Range?Every sound system has an inherent noise floor,which is the residual electronic noise in the

Figure 5-1. Dynamic Range and Headroom in Sound SystemsPage 5-3

5.2.5A General Approach To SettingLevels In a Sound SystemJust because individual pieces of sound equipmentare listed as having certain headroom or no

Remember that with a 20 dB headroom figure, apower amplifier as powerful as 500 watts will operate atan average 5 watts output power. In some systems

dynamic range. Of course, another alternative isavailable: add more amplifiers and speakers so that the5.3 Gain Overlap And Headroomdesired headroom c

Section 6Optional Functions

Section 6.OptionalFunctionsThe PM4000 is factory wired to suit what Yamahaengineers believe to be the greatest number of applica-tions. Yamaha recogni

6.1 Removing and Installing A ModuleFigure 6-1. Removal of PM4000 Module1. Turn the Power OFF first, before removing orinstalling a module.2. Loosen t

6.2 Mono Input Direct Out Jack:Pre-Fader or Post-Fader (switch)Pre-ON or Post-ON Switch (jumper)A slide switch in each input module permits theDirect

combined signal through a single bus, which is why full-lengthGroup Master Faders are provided on the PM4000. However,when the VCA Master Faders are u

6.3 Mono Input Aux Sends: Pre Fader& EQ or Pre Fader/post EQTen slide switches in each input module permit eachof the eight mono auxiliary sends a

6.4 Mono Input Cue/Solo Switch: Pre-Fader or Follow MT PRE Switchso that the take-off point for the cue/solo signal tracksthe signal feed to the chann

6.5 Stereo Input Cue/Solo Switch: Pre-Fader or Follow MT PRE Switchso that the take-off point for the cue/solo signal tracks the signal feed to the ch

6.6 Mono & Stereo Input Channel MTPOST mode, the meter indicates the level after thePRE Switch: Pre- or Post-ON SwitchFader and the channel ON swi

6.7 Stereo Input Channel Insert In/Outfor example, when one wishes to the send to the signalJacks: Pre-EQ or Post-EQprocessor... for example, to apply

6.8 Stereo Input Channel Aux Sends:switch is set to PRE position, the aux send is derivedPre Fader & EQ orahead of the the fader and equalizer (bu

6.9 Stereo Input Channel Aux Sends1-8: L+R Blend or Stereo Pairsand right inputs to the channel. Moving the switchchanges the signal take-off points

6.10Stereo Input Channel Stereo AuxAux Sends each carry discrete left and right signalsSends 1 & 2: L+R Blend or Stereofrom the channel input. Mov

6.11 Stereo Input Channel Feed toDetermination of which stereo modules actuallyMonitor Module ST IN 3 or ST IN 4contribute to the monitors when the mo

6.12 Phase Switch Function: ChangePolarity of Both L and R inputs,or of L OnlyAs shipped, the Stereo Input Module’s Phase Swich(Ø) [8S], which is real